Properties of glass fiber
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Glass fiber is a fiber material made of molten glass, which has many excellent physical and chemical properties. The following are the main properties of glass fiber:
- Physical properties
High strength: Glass fiber has high tensile strength, usually higher than steel.
Low density: Glass fiber has a low density, usually between 2.4-2.7 g/cm³, and is much lighter than metal.
Flexibility: Despite its high strength, glass fiber still has a certain flexibility and can be bent without breaking easily.
Heat resistance: Glass fiber has good heat resistance and can maintain stability in high temperature environments, usually up to 500°C.
Insulation: Glass fiber is an excellent electrical insulation material and is widely used in electrical and electronic fields.
Light transmittance: Some types of glass fiber have good light transmittance and can be used in optical fibers.
- Chemical properties
Corrosion resistance: Glass fiber has good corrosion resistance to most chemicals, especially in acidic and alkaline environments.
Water resistance: Glass fiber can also maintain its performance in a humid environment and is not easy to absorb water.
Aging resistance: Glass fiber has good aging resistance and is not easy to degrade when exposed to the natural environment for a long time.
- Mechanical properties
Tensile strength: The tensile strength of glass fiber is very high, usually between 1000-4000 MPa.
Elastic modulus: The elastic modulus of glass fiber is relatively high, usually between 70-90 GPa.
Fatigue strength: Glass fiber has good fatigue resistance and can maintain stability under repeated stress.
- Thermal properties
Thermal expansion coefficient: The thermal expansion coefficient of glass fiber is low, usually between 5-7 x 10⁻⁶/°C, which makes it have good dimensional stability when the temperature changes.
Thermal conductivity: Glass fiber has low thermal conductivity and is a good thermal insulation material.
- Electrical properties
Electrical insulation: Glass fiber is an excellent electrical insulation material and is widely used in electrical and electronic fields.
Dielectric constant: The dielectric constant of glass fiber is low, usually between 4-7.
- Optical properties
Light transmittance: Some types of glass fiber have good light transmittance and can be used in optical fibers.
Refractive index: The refractive index of glass fiber is usually between 1.5-1.6.
- Environmental properties
Environmental protection: Glass fiber is a recyclable material with less impact on the environment.
Weather resistance: Glass fiber has good weather resistance and can maintain stable performance under various climatic conditions.
Application areas
Composites: Glass fiber is widely used in composite materials, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP), which are used to manufacture ships, automobiles, aircraft, etc.
Building materials: Used to manufacture thermal insulation materials, waterproof materials, reinforced concrete, etc.
Electrical insulation: Used to manufacture electrical insulation materials, circuit boards, etc.
Filter materials: Used to manufacture high-efficiency filter materials, such as air filters, liquid filters, etc.
Optical fibers: Used to manufacture optical fiber communication cables, sensors, etc.
Summary
Glass fiber has many excellent properties such as high strength, low density, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, etc. It is widely used in composite materials, building materials, electrical insulation, filter materials and optical fibers.
